WHO IS A "CHILD"?
International conventions define children as aged 18 and under.
Individual governments may define "child" according to different ages or other criteria.
"Child" and "childhood" are also defined differently by different cultures. A "child" is not necessarily delineated by a fixed age. Social scientists point out that children’s abilities and maturities vary so much that defining a child’s maturity by calendar age can be misleading. For a discussion, see Jo Boyden, Birgitta Ling, William Myers, "What Works for Working Children" (Stockholm: Radda Barnen and Unicef, 1998), pp 9-26.
WHO ARE CHILD LABORERS? AND HOW MANY ARE THERE?
In 2000, the ILO estimates, "246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labor, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8.4 million children were engaged in so-called 'unconditional' worst forms of child labor, which include forced and bonded labor, the use of children in armed conflict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation." www.ilo.org/public/english/ standards/ipec/simpoc/others/globalest.pdf) -->
Unicef’s State of the World’s Children Report says only that although the exact number is not known, it is surely in the hundreds of millions.
More information about who child laborers are, where they live, and new statistics on the total number can be found on www.ilo.org; also, the US Dept. of Labor’s By The Sweat and Toil of Children, Vol. VI: An Economic Consideration of Child Labor.
For more information about individual child laborers, see stories produced by Child Labor and the Global Village: Photography for Social Change.
Children who Work
According to Unicef estimates, one in six children (158 million) aged 5-14 are engaged in child labor. These kids aren't working at the local shopping center. Rather, they sell goods on the street, clean houses, or work in small factories and stay away from the watchful eye of local law enforcement or inspectors.
Despite being considered exploitative by many organizations and countries, child labor is still common and occurs in countries like India and Guatemala, as well as the United States and the U.K.
The problem of child labor is complex and stems from adult poverty. For many poor families, working children contribute much needed income that prevents their family from falling deeper into poverty. Product boycotts and factory raids over child labor can sometimes prove more harmful as children turn to more dangerous jobs like mining and prostitution to earn money.
Slate Magazine's Today in Pictures captures images of working children dating back to 1942. What's most striking to me is how young and tiny some of the children are in the photos. I'm used to seeing adults performing the jobs that these small children are doing.
Child Labor
For further information please visit: www.ilo.org or contact the ilo international programme on the elimination of child labour (ipec) at ipec ilo.org. How to push during child labor ehow.com how to push during child labor child labor and birth is something that comes naturally to women many times the pushing stage during labor is the most difficult part although. Child labor in the u s . Child labour child labor is a social problem associated with the rise of industrial production and capitalism it appeared in earlier ages in agricultural societies, but during the industrial. Bing: child labor author: thomas degregori, published: 2002-10-08, type: daily commentary.
Childlabor.org child labor it is a pity that children who are supposed to be the future of any country are abused and made to slog in industries and firms in some countries. Child labor laws: west's encyclopedia of american law (full divisions & units office address & locations administration e-mail labor ok gov find what you're looking for >> find licensing locations around the state. Child labor child labor was very common during the early industrial revolution in britain children were small so they were used to push carts through narrow mine shafts and clean. Child labor laws business gov child labor articles about us state and federal child labor laws topics include the minimum legal work age and maximum work hours for youths.
Child labor everything2.com child labor by: emily nelson & jennifer pearson table of contents overview and rational teacher background and information unit planning chart. Child labor articles and laws choose a country: china russia indonesia child labor in china china s child labor is a huge problem, and there is clear evidence that child labor is increasing in china. Child labor: home search results. Laila html welcome to the home of childlabor.org: to change this page, upload your website into the public_html directory: date created: thu jan 14 20:11:52 2010. Child labor - psychology wiki enter a search term above to find dictionary definitions or click the thesaurus tab to find synonyms and antonyms.
Respect Local Cultures When on Holiday
When you go on holiday it is important to respect local culture and remember that you are a guest in that place. Although it might seem or strange at first you will soon find that you can adapt to a new culture and even come to enjoy it and be part of it.
Therefore before going on a holiday you should do some work to research the local culture of where it is that you are going so that you know what to expect during your stay and so that you can show the upmost respect and understanding of the local culture.
The way you dress is important in some countries, particularly in Asia, some look at what other people are wearing as an idea of what is acceptable. You may be on your holiday but wearing a bikini, and even shorts, in some countries is frowned upon.
Food is another aspect of culture that differs around the world. Some countries will eat some food that we may not usually eat, and that we may even find offensive. However, to them this is normal. Be polite in turning down anything you do not want to eat but do not frown upon others for something that is part of their culture.
Body language is an important part of communicating but as with actual verbal language it can differ in other countries. You may find that some of our perfectly harmless gestures are in fact highly offensive to other cultures. Some countries don't like pointing and for some the nodding of the head can actually mean no.
Verbal language will probably be the biggest difference in culture that you will face in each country. Although most tourist reliant countries will speak a number of foreign languages you should still consider learning some of the basics as this will be much appreciated by the locals.
Finally, the simplest way to adapt to a new culture is to respect it. Even if you don't agree and understand it by being polite and accommodating then you soon come to accept it. Remember you are a guest in someone else's country when you go on holiday so a bit of basic research before you go away will help you enjoy your holiday a lot more.
Globalization and Poverty
Many farmers who traditionally grew pulses and millets and paddy have been lured by seed companies to buy hybrid cotton seeds and other GM crops, which were supposed to make their lives easier and wealthier. Instead they faced bankruptcy and ruin.
Their native seeds have been displaced with new hybrids which cannot be saved and need to be purchased every year at a high cost. Hybrids are also very vulnerable to pest attacks. All pesticides have to be bought from the company that sold them the seeds; there have been reports of blatant profiteering from these companies.
It is experiences such as these which tell me that we are so wrong to be smug about the new global economy. It is time to stop and think about the impact of globalization on the lives of ordinary people. This is vital if we want to achieve sustainability.
We are repeatedly told that without genetic engineering and globalization of agriculture the world will starve, it is constantly promoted as the only alternative available for feeding the hungry.
Everywhere, food production is becoming a negative economy, with farmers spending more buying costly inputs for industrial production than the price they receive for their produce. The consequence is rising debts and epidemics of suicides in both rich and poor countries. Cows in the European Union receive on average $2 per day in subsidies. Over 1 billion people live in the world on less than $1 dollar a day.
Farmers in the Third World are encouraged by the IMF and the World Bank to produce cash crops for export. There are usually commodities that can be easily bought and sold on the World Markets. With fluctuating world prices, Fair trade is what can drag farmers and communities out of poverty. In some African countries it is cheaper to buy American sugar and coffee than it is to buy locally produced goods. This is because of over production and subsidies in the West which means that they then dump these goods on Africa destroying local markets.
When patents are granted to companies for seeds and plants, as in the case of basmati, saving and sharing seed is defined as theft of intellectual property. Corporations which have broad patents on crops such as cotton, soya bean and mustard are suing farmers for seed-saving and hiring detective agencies to find out if farmers have saved seed or shared it with neighbours.
As Gandhi reminded us, "The Earth has enough for everyone's needs, but not for some people's greed."
This article has been adapted with the kind permission from Food Patents-Stealing Indigenous Knowledge